[Validity and reliability of Persian translation of the nepean dyspepsia index in functional dyspepsia in Iran]

The aim of this study was to translate and evaluate the validity and reliability of the Nepean Dyspepsia Index [NDI], as a disease-specific quality of life scale in patients with functional dyspepsia

Materials and Methods: Forward-backward translation was done. 80 patients with dyspepsia from the outpatient department of Imam Reza Hospital were assessed. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 20 and face validity, content validity [CVR][pls spell out], construct validity [Spearman's rrho], and reliability [test-retest and Cronbach's Alpha] were evaluated

Results: CVR was between 0.80-1, which demonstrated good content validity. Test-retest reliability was good with correlation coefficient of 0.89 and intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.96. Internal consistency revealed alpha value of 0.93, which was well above the agreeable value of 0.70. These both indicate a good reliability. Spearman's correlation coefficient was 0.48. between all NDI items and subscales which indicates moderate to good construct validity.[it seems that this sentence is not complete because in this format it is meaningless]

Conclusion: This study demonstrates that the Persian translation of SF-NDI [pls spell out the highlighted part] is a valid and reliable instrument to measure health related quality of life [HRQoL] in Iranian patients with dyspepsia. It also shows that HRQoL is significantly higher in patients with high school diploma or higher educational levels

Radiologic and Clinical Outcomes of Surgery in High Grade Spondylolisthesis Treated with Temporary Distraction Rod

BACKGROUND: Surgical techniques used in the treatment of patients with high grade lumbar spondylolisthesis (> 50% slippage) are usually associated with a great deal of controversies. We aim to evaluate the surgical outcomes of high grade spondylolisthesis treated with an intraoperative temporary distraction rod. METHODS: We retrospectively studied 21 patients (14 females and 7 males), aged 50.4 +/- 9.2 years, who had high grade lumbar spondylolisthesis that was treated with intraoperative temporary distraction rods, neural decompression, pedicular screw fixation, and posterolateral fusion involving one more intact upper vertebra. The mean follow-up period was 39.2 months. Radiologic and clinical outcomes were measured by slip angle, slip percentage, correction rate, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), visual analogue scale (VAS), patient's satisfaction rate in the pre- and postoperative period. Data were analyzed by SPSS ver. 11.5. RESULTS: Analysis of the preoperative visits and final follow-up visits indicated that surgery could improve ODI, lumbar VAS, and leg VAS from 60.5% to 8.2%, from 6.7 to 2.2, and from 6.9 to 1.3, respectively. Slip angle and slip percentage were also changed from -8degrees to -15degrees and from 59.2% to 21.4%, respectively. Mean correction rate at the final follow-up visit was 64.1%. Loss of correction was insignificant and a neurologic complication occurred in one patient due to misplacement of one screw. Excellent and good levels of satisfaction were observed in 90.5% of the patients. CONCLUSIONS: In the surgical treatment of refractory high grade spondylolisthesis, the use of a temporary distraction rod to reduce the slipped vertebra in combination with neural decompression, posterolateral fusion, and longer instrumentation is associated with satisfactory clinical and radiologic outcomes.

Evaluation of depression and the contributing factors in pregnant women referring to urban and rural health care centers of Sarakhs city, Iran

Clinical definition of depression disorder has changed and made precise over the time. Some studies reported depression during pregnancy was more common than postpartum depression. The purpose of this study is to evaluate prevalence and factors that may be contributing to the depression in pregnant women in Sarakhs city. This cross sectional study was conducted on 300 pregnant women who was referred to the health centers in Sarakhs city, Razavi Khorasan province, Iran, 2011. Beck's Depression inventory questionnaire and demographic questionnaire were completed by trained interviewers. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 16 by using T-test, man-Whitney, Chi-square tests. P-value less than 0.05 were considered as statistically significant.Prevalence of depression in pregnant women was 47.5% which the most of them had moderate depression. In this assay, depression significantly was related to mother age [P=0.02], her occupations [P=0.009], family income [P=0.04], ethnicity [P=0.03], place of living [P=0.01], number of children [P=0.001], unwanted pregnancy [P=0.001], and history of parities [P=0.001]. Prevalence of depression during pregnancy makes it more important for providing antenatal care and supporting such women in seeking help. This study indicating the importance of the psychological state of pregnant women, screening depression with accurate assessment of the symptoms and diagnosis it as early as possible

[Assessment of reproductive behavior and women's compatibility in unwanted pregnancy in Mashhad]

Introduction: A large number of pregnancies are unwanted which may cause tension, anxiety, and decreased quality of life. Reproductive behavior in unintended pregnancies can be a guide to improvement of women's mental health

Materials and Methods: Subjects included 400 women seen in maternity clinics of Mashhad hospitals. Subjects were interviewed using a questionnaire for reproductive behavior and adaptation with unwanted pregnancy, Chi-square test, t test and ANOVA were used

Results: Thirty-six percent of the subjects reported unwanted pregnancies. Mean age of subjects was 22 years [range 42-16 years]. In unwanted pregnancies, mean gestational age was 1.9 years and mean age at first pregnancy was 2.2 years more compared with those with wanted pregnancies, the average age of marriage 1.2 years less than and the average number of children was 1.1 higher than other group. Natural method was an important factor in unwanted pregnancies. At the end of pregnancy 83% of women who had unplanned pregnancy still were dissatisfied

Conclusion: Different reproductive behaviors were seen in unwanted pregnancies. Informing women of the high failure rate of natural method is an effective measure in reducing unwanted pregnancies. Because of the high prevalence of unwanted pregnancy and its effects on maternal mental health, use of screening tools for detection of psychopathology, counseling and psychological support for women in conjunction with routine care during pregnancy and postpartum seem necessary